Nicotinamide DUO™ is a proprietary NAD+ precursor developed by Perpetua.Life® Biotech based on a an 80/20 blend of Mono/Riboside (LNR) which has been found to boost NAD+ level even higher than Riboside alone.

NAD+ is a compound found in every cell in your body and involved in many critical processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and gene expression (22, 23).

NAD+ levels decline with age, and this decline is thought to be associated with accelerated physical decline and the onset of age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s (23).

Studies have shown that supplementing with NAD+ precursors like NR restores NAD+ levels and prevents age-related physical decline (24)

For example, a study in aging subjects demonstrated that supplementing orally with Nicotinamide Mono prevented age-associated genetic changes and improved energy metabolism, physical activity, and insulin sensitivity (24B).

A 2019 study in 12 men with an average age of 75 showed that supplementing with up to 1 gram of Nicotinamide daily for 21 days increased NAD+ levels in skeletal muscle and reduced levels of inflammatory proteins in the body (25).

Fisetin is a flavonoid compound that’s considered a senotherapeutic, meaning it can kill senescent cells.

Fisetin as an anticancer agent targeting the growth signaling pathways (F01).

Fisetin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases (F02).

Fisetin: A bioactive phytochemical with potential for cancer prevention and pharmacotherapy (F03).

Fisetin and Quercetin: Promising Flavonoids with Chemopreventive Potential
(F03).

Rodent studies suggest that it may reduce the number of senescent cells in tissues and extend lifespan (41).

Fisetin: a dietary antioxidant for health promotion (F04)

Exploring the molecular targets of dietary flavonoid fisetin in cancer (F05).

Quercetin is a plant pigment (flavonoid). It is found in many plants and foods, such as red wine.

Quercetin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects which might help reduce inflammation, kill cancer cells, control blood sugar, and help prevent heart disease (Q1).

Quercetin in cancer prevention and therapy (Q2).

Fisetin and Quercetin: Promising Flavonoids with Chemopreventive Potential
(F03).

Quercetin: A functional dietary flavonoid with potential chemo-preventive properties in colorectal cancer (Q3).

A preliminary investigation demonstrating the effect of quercetin on the expression of genes related to cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis and xenobiotic metabolism in human CO115 colon-adenocarcinoma cells using DNA microarray (Q4).

Quercetin, caffeic acid and Resveratrol regulate circadian clock genes and aging-related genes in young and old human lung fibroblast cells (Q4).

Resveratrol is a polyphenol in grapes, berries, peanuts, and red wine that may promote longevity by activating certain genes called sirtuins. It has been shown to increase the lifespan of fruit flies, yeasts, and nematodes (42).

Effects of Resveratrol and other Polyphenols on Sirt1: Relevance to Brain Function During Aging (R4)

Resveratrol, an Nrf2 activator, alleviates aging-related progressive renal injury (R3)

Role of resveratrol in regulation of cellular defense systems against oxidative stress (R2).

Effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on aging and longevity (R1).

Resveratrol improves oxidative stress and prevents the progression of periodontitis via the activation of the Sirt1/AMPK and the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathways in a periodontitis model (R5).

Quercetin, caffeic acid and Resveratrol regulate circadian clock genes and aging-related genes in young and old human lung fibroblast cells (Q4).

Astragalus membranaceus is a stress-reducing herb used in traditional Chinese medicine. It may help combat aging by reducing oxidative stress, promoting immune function, and preventing cellular damage (40).

Astragalus polysaccharide exerts anti-Parkinson via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to increase cellular autophagy level in vitro (A2).

Astragalus membranaceus: A Review of its Protection Against Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancers (A1).

Discovery of potent telomerase activators: Unfolding new therapeutic and anti-aging perspectives with astragalus (A3).

Experimental and clinical studies of mechanisms of the anti-aging effects of chemical compounds in Astragalus membranaceus (A4).

Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease (A5).

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a well-known polyphenol compound concentrated in green tea. It offers impressive health benefits, with research supporting its use to reduce the risk of certain cancers, as well as other health conditions like heart disease (9, 10, 11).

Among EGCG’s diverse array of potential health-promoting properties is its ability to promote longevity and protect against age-related disease development.

EGCG may slow aging by restoring mitochondrial function in cells and acting on pathways involved in aging, including the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (AMPK).

It also induces autophagy, the process by which your body removes damaged cellular material (12).

EGCG intake has been associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, diabetes, stroke, and heart-disease-related death. Plus, animal studies have shown that it can protect against skin aging and wrinkles caused by ultraviolet (UV) light (13, 14, 15).

TMG has outstanding effects on controlling homocysteine levels in the blood. Homocysteine significantly increases around the middle stage of life, and it's linked to the development of heart disease and stroke.

In a breast cancer study, having more TMG in patients' diets was linked to fewer deaths from cancer [source].

In another study of more than 2800 lung cancer patients, high betaine intake was found to be protective against lung cancer [source].

A study including 193 senior citizens showed that an increase in TMG was linked to improvements in response time, memory, and brain function. People whose TMG levels went up the most also saw the most improvement in their memories [source].

Additionally, TMG is also being explored as treatment for other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease [source].

L-theanine is an amino acid concentrated in certain teas, including green tea. It may help protect against mental decline and has been shown to extend the lifespan of roundworms by around 5% (35, 36).

l-Theanine attenuates liver aging by inhibiting advanced glycation end products in d-galactose-induced rats and reversing an imbalance of oxidative stress and inflammation (T1).

Protective Effect and Mechanism of Theanine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Acute Liver Injury (T2).

L-Theanine extends lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans (T3).

The neuropharmacology of L-theanine(N-ethyl-L-glutamine): a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent (T4).

l-Theanine Prevents Long-Term Affective and Cognitive Side Effects of Adolescent Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure and Blocks Associated Molecular and Neuronal Abnormalities in the Mesocorticolimbic Circuitry
(T5).

Spermidine has anti-inflammatory and anti-antioxidant properties, and can also enhance respiration and metabolic function. Increased dietary spermidine intake is thought to reduce the risk of diseases like cancer, metabolic disease, heart disease and neurodegeneration [1].

It can also improve memory and slow cognitive decline, as autophagy clears Alzheimer’s-causing amyloid-beta plaques in the brain and can thereby be used to prevent memory loss in older people suffering from mild dementia [2].